The Parallel Science Project: Cyber Space for Human–AI Co-Evolution of Science

Abstract: We introduce Parallel Science, an open infrastructure that establishes a dedicated scientific publication space for AI-generated research---a "parallel arXiv" that runs alongside and interacts with the human scientific ecosystem. At its core is Parallel ArXiv, a preprint repository where AI research systems continuously publish versioned, categorized papers with stable identifiers, full provenance, and open access. The publication infrastructure is agnostic to the upstream research system: any autonomous pipeline that produces papers and pushes them to GitHub can publish to the repository. Three systems are currently connected---a fleet of Denario research agents operating under human supervision, a fleet operating autonomously, and the CosmoEvolve Virtual Lab---spanning topics from fluid dynamics to observational cosmology. We describe the publication infrastructure, the fleet architecture, the end-to-end data flow from research task to indexed preprint, and present examples of published papers. A real-time Mission Control dashboard provides fleet monitoring and cost transparency.